7.12 - Answers and Explanations

Module: Type I Small Appliances
Covers: All concept-check questions in Sections 7.1–7.8, all 25 practice questions in Section 7.10, and all 25 practice questions in Section 7.11
Total questions answered: 122
Technical and regulatory verification date: August 11, 2026
Primary authorities: Current EPA Section 608 Type I test topics and current 40 CFR Part 82, Subpart F
Purpose: Provide the correct answer, explain why it is correct, address every distractor, reinforce Type I classification and recovery reasoning, identify the tested concept, provide current sources for rule-dependent answers, and direct the learner to the appropriate remediation section

How to Use This File

Complete the relevant Section 7 concept checks or one complete 25-question Type I practice set before reading the answers.
Score the attempt using the complete answer key below.
Review every incorrect response.
Review every response marked C0 or C1, even when the selected answer was correct.
For regulatory questions, memorize the condition together with the requirement. In particular, do not memorize 80%, 90%, 4 in. Hg vacuum, or November 15, 1993 without the condition that makes the value apply.
For recovery-method questions, first identify whether the recovery device is system-dependent or self-contained and whether the appliance compressor is functioning.
For access-fitting questions, distinguish a process stub from a temporary solderless or piercing fitting.
For disposal questions, distinguish service/recovery requirements from the final processor’s safe-disposal verification duties.
Enter unresolved items in the project error log and retest them later with a different question.

Mastery rule: A correct guess remains unresolved until the learner can explain why the correct answer is right and why every distractor is wrong.

Complete Module 7 Answer Key

Section 7.1: 7.1-1: C | 7.1-2: B | 7.1-3: B | 7.1-4: A | 7.1-5: C | 7.1-6: A | 7.1-7: B | 7.1-8: C
Section 7.2: 7.2-1: C | 7.2-2: B | 7.2-3: B | 7.2-4: C | 7.2-5: C | 7.2-6: C | 7.2-7: A | 7.2-8: C
Section 7.3: 7.3-1: B | 7.3-2: C | 7.3-3: B | 7.3-4: C | 7.3-5: B | 7.3-6: B | 7.3-7: B | 7.3-8: C
Section 7.4: 7.4-1: B | 7.4-2: A | 7.4-3: C | 7.4-4: B | 7.4-5: B | 7.4-6: C | 7.4-7: B | 7.4-8: B
Section 7.5: 7.5-1: B | 7.5-2: A | 7.5-3: A | 7.5-4: C | 7.5-5: A | 7.5-6: B | 7.5-7: A | 7.5-8: B
Section 7.6: 7.6-1: A | 7.6-2: C | 7.6-3: A | 7.6-4: B | 7.6-5: B | 7.6-6: A | 7.6-7: B | 7.6-8: B | 7.6-9: C | 7.6-10: B | 7.6-11: B | 7.6-12: A
Section 7.7: 7.7-1: B | 7.7-2: C | 7.7-3: B | 7.7-4: C | 7.7-5: A | 7.7-6: B | 7.7-7: D | 7.7-8: B
Section 7.8: 7.8-1: B | 7.8-2: B | 7.8-3: A | 7.8-4: B | 7.8-5: C | 7.8-6: A | 7.8-7: A | 7.8-8: C | 7.8-9: C | 7.8-10: A | 7.8-11: B | 7.8-12: C
Section 7.10 - Practice Set 1: 1: B | 2: D | 3: A | 4: C | 5: C | 6: B | 7: D | 8: A | 9: B | 10: D | 11: A | 12: C | 13: D | 14: B | 15: C | 16: A | 17: D | 18: B | 19: A | 20: C | 21: B | 22: D | 23: C | 24: A | 25: B
Section 7.11 - Practice Set 2: 1: C | 2: A | 3: D | 4: B | 5: A | 6: C | 7: B | 8: D | 9: C | 10: A | 11: D | 12: B | 13: A | 14: C | 15: D | 16: B | 17: C | 18: A | 19: B | 20: D | 21: A | 22: C | 23: D | 24: B | 25: A

Answer-File Organization

Parts A–H: Concept-check answers for Sections 7.1–7.8.
Part I: Practice Questions Set 1 from Section 7.10.
Part J: Practice Questions Set 2 from Section 7.11.
Current-rule answers include authoritative sources.
Technical recovery guidance is not mislabeled as a universal federal requirement when the actual connection or procedure is manufacturer- or equipment-specific.
Section 7.9 is the module quick reference and contains no concept-check questions, so there is no separate answer part for 7.9.

Part A - Section 7.1 Concept-Check Answers

Question 7.1-1

Correct answer: C. An appliance fully manufactured, charged, and hermetically sealed at a factory with 5 pounds or less of refrigerant

The federal small-appliance definition requires all four conditions together: fully manufactured at a factory, charged at a factory, hermetically sealed at a factory, and a refrigerant charge of 5 pounds or less.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Any appliance that contains 5 pounds or less of refrigerant” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The federal small-appliance definition requires all four conditions together: fully manufactured at a factory, charged at a factory, hermetically sealed at a factory, and a refrigerant charge of 5 pounds or less.
B is incorrect: This choice states “Any residential appliance that uses a hermetic compressor” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The federal small-appliance definition requires all four conditions together: fully manufactured at a factory, charged at a factory, hermetically sealed at a factory, and a refrigerant charge of 5 pounds or less.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Any portable appliance that plugs into a 120-V receptacle” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The federal small-appliance definition requires all four conditions together: fully manufactured at a factory, charged at a factory, hermetically sealed at a factory, and a refrigerant charge of 5 pounds or less.

Topic: Small-appliance definition and classification Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.1 - Small Appliance Definition and Examples

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions

Question 7.1-2

Correct answer: B. The complete definition also requires factory manufacture, factory charging, and factory hermetic sealing.

A charge below 5 pounds is not enough by itself. The appliance must also satisfy the factory-manufacture, factory-charge, and factory-hermetic-sealing conditions.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Type I equipment must contain exactly 5 pounds.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A charge below 5 pounds is not enough by itself. The appliance must also satisfy the factory-manufacture, factory-charge, and factory-hermetic-sealing conditions.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Type I applies only to refrigerators.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A charge below 5 pounds is not enough by itself. The appliance must also satisfy the factory-manufacture, factory-charge, and factory-hermetic-sealing conditions.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Any air conditioner is automatically Type II.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A charge below 5 pounds is not enough by itself. The appliance must also satisfy the factory-manufacture, factory-charge, and factory-hermetic-sealing conditions.

Topic: Small-appliance definition and classification Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.1 - Small Appliance Definition and Examples

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions

Question 7.1-3

Correct answer: B. A hermetic compressor describes compressor construction, while the small-appliance definition applies factory-manufacture, factory-charge, factory-sealing, and charge conditions to the appliance.

A hermetic compressor describes the compressor’s construction. Type I classification applies the regulatory conditions to the complete appliance, so the two concepts are not interchangeable.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Every appliance with a hermetic compressor is Type I.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A hermetic compressor describes the compressor’s construction. Type I classification applies the regulatory conditions to the complete appliance, so the two concepts are not interchangeable.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Type I appliances cannot contain hermetic compressors.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A hermetic compressor describes the compressor’s construction. Type I classification applies the regulatory conditions to the complete appliance, so the two concepts are not interchangeable.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Hermetic compressors are used only in motor vehicles.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A hermetic compressor describes the compressor’s construction. Type I classification applies the regulatory conditions to the complete appliance, so the two concepts are not interchangeable.

Topic: Small-appliance definition and classification Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.1 - Small Appliance Definition and Examples

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions

Question 7.1-4

Correct answer: A. Window air conditioner

Window air conditioners are specifically included among the representative small-appliance examples in the federal definition.

B is incorrect: This choice states “Supermarket parallel compressor rack” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Window air conditioners are specifically included among the representative small-appliance examples in the federal definition.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Low-pressure centrifugal chiller” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Window air conditioners are specifically included among the representative small-appliance examples in the federal definition.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Refrigerated cargo trailer system” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Window air conditioners are specifically included among the representative small-appliance examples in the federal definition.

Topic: Small-appliance definition and classification Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.1 - Small Appliance Definition and Examples

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions

Question 7.1-5

Correct answer: C. Physical dimensions do not control; the complete small-appliance definition controls.

Physical dimensions do not determine Type I status. The complete small-appliance definition controls.

A is incorrect: This choice states “The mini-split must be Type I because it is physically smaller.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Physical dimensions do not determine Type I status. The complete small-appliance definition controls.
B is incorrect: This choice states “The vending machine cannot be Type I because it is too large.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Physical dimensions do not determine Type I status. The complete small-appliance definition controls.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Both are Type III because they contain compressors.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Physical dimensions do not determine Type I status. The complete small-appliance definition controls.

Topic: Small-appliance definition and classification Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.1 - Small Appliance Definition and Examples

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions

Question 7.1-6

Correct answer: A. The current federal small-appliance definition includes portable air conditioners among room-air-conditioning examples.

The current small-appliance definition specifically includes portable air conditioners within the room-air-conditioning examples.

B is incorrect: This choice states “A portable unit cannot be Type I because it uses an exhaust-air hose.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The current small-appliance definition specifically includes portable air conditioners within the room-air-conditioning examples.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Portable units are always MVAC-like appliances.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The current small-appliance definition specifically includes portable air conditioners within the room-air-conditioning examples.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Portable units are Type III because they may operate indoors.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The current small-appliance definition specifically includes portable air conditioners within the room-air-conditioning examples.

Topic: Small-appliance definition and classification Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.1 - Small Appliance Definition and Examples

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions

Question 7.1-7

Correct answer: B. The amount currently remaining after leakage does not by itself convert it into a small appliance.

A leak that reduces the refrigerant remaining in an appliance does not by itself reclassify an appliance that was designed with a full charge above the small-appliance limit.

A is incorrect: This choice states “It automatically becomes a Type I small appliance because less than 5 pounds remains.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A leak that reduces the refrigerant remaining in an appliance does not by itself reclassify an appliance that was designed with a full charge above the small-appliance limit.
C is incorrect: This choice states “It becomes an MVAC-like appliance.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A leak that reduces the refrigerant remaining in an appliance does not by itself reclassify an appliance that was designed with a full charge above the small-appliance limit.
D is incorrect: This choice states “It becomes Type III because the charge decreased.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A leak that reduces the refrigerant remaining in an appliance does not by itself reclassify an appliance that was designed with a full charge above the small-appliance limit.

Topic: Small-appliance definition and classification Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.1 - Small Appliance Definition and Examples

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions

Question 7.1-8

Correct answer: C. Determine whether the appliance is fully factory manufactured, factory charged, factory hermetically sealed, and contains 5 pounds or less of refrigerant.

For unfamiliar equipment, the reliable first step is to test the complete small-appliance definition rather than classify it from appearance, application, or refrigerant number alone.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Assume Type II because it is used in a laboratory.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. For unfamiliar equipment, the reliable first step is to test the complete small-appliance definition rather than classify it from appearance, application, or refrigerant number alone.
B is incorrect: This choice states “Assume Type I because all medical equipment is small.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. For unfamiliar equipment, the reliable first step is to test the complete small-appliance definition rather than classify it from appearance, application, or refrigerant number alone.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Classify it only from the refrigerant number.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. For unfamiliar equipment, the reliable first step is to test the complete small-appliance definition rather than classify it from appearance, application, or refrigerant number alone.

Topic: Small-appliance definition and classification Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.1 - Small Appliance Definition and Examples

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions

Part B - Section 7.2 Concept-Check Answers

Question 7.2-1

Correct answer: C. It is not automatically Type I because field-connected equipment does not satisfy the complete small-appliance definition merely from charge alone.

A field-connected split system does not become Type I merely because its charge is below 5 pounds; the complete factory-manufactured, factory-charged, factory-sealed definition still controls.

A is incorrect: This choice states “It is Type I because it contains less than 5 pounds of refrigerant.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A field-connected split system does not become Type I merely because its charge is below 5 pounds; the complete factory-manufactured, factory-charged, factory-sealed definition still controls.
B is incorrect: This choice states “It is Type I because most residential systems are small appliances.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A field-connected split system does not become Type I merely because its charge is below 5 pounds; the complete factory-manufactured, factory-charged, factory-sealed definition still controls.
D is incorrect: This choice states “It is Type III because the charge is below 5 pounds.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A field-connected split system does not become Type I merely because its charge is below 5 pounds; the complete factory-manufactured, factory-charged, factory-sealed definition still controls.

Topic: Type I exclusions and boundary cases Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.2 - Type I Exclusions and Boundary Cases

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions; EPA Section 608 and Section 609 Overlap

Question 7.2-2

Correct answer: B. Passenger-car air conditioner

A passenger-car air conditioner is an MVAC boundary case generally handled under Section 609 for service, rather than a Type I small appliance.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Window air conditioner” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A passenger-car air conditioner is an MVAC boundary case generally handled under Section 609 for service, rather than a Type I small appliance.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Drinking-water cooler” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A passenger-car air conditioner is an MVAC boundary case generally handled under Section 609 for service, rather than a Type I small appliance.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Under-counter ice maker” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A passenger-car air conditioner is an MVAC boundary case generally handled under Section 609 for service, rather than a Type I small appliance.

Topic: Type I exclusions and boundary cases Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.2 - Type I Exclusions and Boundary Cases

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions; EPA Section 608 and Section 609 Overlap

Question 7.2-3

Correct answer: B. They are open-drive compressor appliances used to cool the driver’s or passenger’s compartment of off-road vehicles or equipment and are not Type I small appliances.

MVAC-like equipment is a distinct off-road cab-cooling category built around an open-drive compressor; it is not Type I. The complete federal definition also includes charge and refrigerant conditions.

A is incorrect: This choice states “They are the same as small appliances.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. MVAC-like equipment is a distinct off-road cab-cooling category built around an open-drive compressor; it is not Type I. The complete federal definition also includes charge and refrigerant conditions.
C is incorrect: This choice states “They are low-pressure chillers used in motor vehicles.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. MVAC-like equipment is a distinct off-road cab-cooling category built around an open-drive compressor; it is not Type I. The complete federal definition also includes charge and refrigerant conditions.
D is incorrect: This choice states “They are always classified under Type III.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. MVAC-like equipment is a distinct off-road cab-cooling category built around an open-drive compressor; it is not Type I. The complete federal definition also includes charge and refrigerant conditions.

Topic: Type I exclusions and boundary cases Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.2 - Type I Exclusions and Boundary Cases

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions; EPA Section 608 and Section 609 Overlap

Question 7.2-4

Correct answer: C. It does not qualify as a Type I small appliance because the full charge exceeds 5 pounds.

A full charge above 5 pounds fails the small-appliance charge condition even if the appliance is factory sealed.

A is incorrect: This choice states “It qualifies as Type I because it is factory sealed.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A full charge above 5 pounds fails the small-appliance charge condition even if the appliance is factory sealed.
B is incorrect: This choice states “It qualifies as Type I because it is self-contained.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A full charge above 5 pounds fails the small-appliance charge condition even if the appliance is factory sealed.
D is incorrect: This choice states “It automatically becomes an MVAC-like appliance.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A full charge above 5 pounds fails the small-appliance charge condition even if the appliance is factory sealed.

Topic: Type I exclusions and boundary cases Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.2 - Type I Exclusions and Boundary Cases

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions; EPA Section 608 and Section 609 Overlap

Question 7.2-5

Correct answer: C. Refrigerated cargo generally cools cargo/load space, while MVAC-like equipment cools the driver’s or passenger’s compartment.

Refrigerated-cargo equipment cools cargo or load space, while MVAC-like equipment cools the driver’s or passenger’s compartment of qualifying off-road equipment.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Refrigerated cargo cools passenger compartments, while MVAC-like equipment cools freight.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Refrigerated-cargo equipment cools cargo or load space, while MVAC-like equipment cools the driver’s or passenger’s compartment of qualifying off-road equipment.
B is incorrect: This choice states “Both categories are automatically Type I if they contain less than 20 pounds.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Refrigerated-cargo equipment cools cargo or load space, while MVAC-like equipment cools the driver’s or passenger’s compartment of qualifying off-road equipment.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Refrigerated cargo is another name for a packaged terminal heat pump.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Refrigerated-cargo equipment cools cargo or load space, while MVAC-like equipment cools the driver’s or passenger’s compartment of qualifying off-road equipment.

Topic: Type I exclusions and boundary cases Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.2 - Type I Exclusions and Boundary Cases

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions; EPA Section 608 and Section 609 Overlap

Question 7.2-6

Correct answer: C. Refrigerant identity alone does not determine whether the appliance is Type I.

Refrigerant identity alone does not determine Type I classification; the complete small-appliance construction and charge definition controls.

A is incorrect: This choice states “R-134a equipment is always Type I.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Refrigerant identity alone does not determine Type I classification; the complete small-appliance construction and charge definition controls.
B is incorrect: This choice states “Hydrocarbon refrigerant equipment is never Type I.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Refrigerant identity alone does not determine Type I classification; the complete small-appliance construction and charge definition controls.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Only CFC small appliances can be Type I.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Refrigerant identity alone does not determine Type I classification; the complete small-appliance construction and charge definition controls.

Topic: Type I exclusions and boundary cases Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.2 - Type I Exclusions and Boundary Cases

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions; EPA Section 608 and Section 609 Overlap

Question 7.2-7

Correct answer: A. Section 609 or Section 608 Type II

Current EPA overlap guidance allows qualifying MVAC-like appliances to be serviced under Section 608 Type II or the applicable Section 609 certification pathway.

B is incorrect: This choice states “Section 608 Type I or Type III only” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Current EPA overlap guidance allows qualifying MVAC-like appliances to be serviced under Section 608 Type II or the applicable Section 609 certification pathway.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Universal only” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Current EPA overlap guidance allows qualifying MVAC-like appliances to be serviced under Section 608 Type II or the applicable Section 609 certification pathway.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Type I only” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Current EPA overlap guidance allows qualifying MVAC-like appliances to be serviced under Section 608 Type II or the applicable Section 609 certification pathway.

Topic: Type I exclusions and boundary cases Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.2 - Type I Exclusions and Boundary Cases

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions; EPA Section 608 and Section 609 Overlap

Question 7.2-8

Correct answer: C. As high-pressure Type II equipment rather than MVAC or MVAC-like equipment

EPA’s overlap guidance treats the R-22 bus air-conditioning example as Section 608 Type II high-pressure equipment rather than as an MVAC or MVAC-like appliance.

A is incorrect: This choice states “As an MVAC-like appliance because it is on a vehicle” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s overlap guidance treats the R-22 bus air-conditioning example as Section 608 Type II high-pressure equipment rather than as an MVAC or MVAC-like appliance.
B is incorrect: This choice states “As Type I because buses are small spaces” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s overlap guidance treats the R-22 bus air-conditioning example as Section 608 Type II high-pressure equipment rather than as an MVAC or MVAC-like appliance.
D is incorrect: This choice states “As Type III because buses are commercial” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s overlap guidance treats the R-22 bus air-conditioning example as Section 608 Type II high-pressure equipment rather than as an MVAC or MVAC-like appliance.

Topic: Type I exclusions and boundary cases Suggested error code: CLS Review: Section 7.2 - Type I Exclusions and Boundary Cases

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Definitions; EPA Section 608 and Section 609 Overlap

Part C - Section 7.3 Concept-Check Answers

Question 7.3-1

Correct answer: B. 80%

Recovery equipment manufactured before November 15, 1993 uses the 80-percent small-appliance percentage pathway, regardless of whether the appliance compressor functions.

A is incorrect: This choice states “50%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Recovery equipment manufactured before November 15, 1993 uses the 80-percent small-appliance percentage pathway, regardless of whether the appliance compressor functions.
C is incorrect: This choice states “90%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Recovery equipment manufactured before November 15, 1993 uses the 80-percent small-appliance percentage pathway, regardless of whether the appliance compressor functions.
D is incorrect: This choice states “100%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Recovery equipment manufactured before November 15, 1993 uses the 80-percent small-appliance percentage pathway, regardless of whether the appliance compressor functions.

Topic: Type I recovery requirements Suggested error code: REG Review: Section 7.3 - Type I Recovery Requirements

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.156 - Proper Evacuation of Refrigerant from Appliances; 40 CFR § 82.158 - Recovery/Recycling Equipment Standards

Question 7.3-2

Correct answer: C. 90%

With recovery equipment manufactured on or after November 15, 1993 and a functioning appliance compressor, the percentage pathway is 90 percent.

A is incorrect: This choice states “70%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With recovery equipment manufactured on or after November 15, 1993 and a functioning appliance compressor, the percentage pathway is 90 percent.
B is incorrect: This choice states “80%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With recovery equipment manufactured on or after November 15, 1993 and a functioning appliance compressor, the percentage pathway is 90 percent.
D is incorrect: This choice states “95%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With recovery equipment manufactured on or after November 15, 1993 and a functioning appliance compressor, the percentage pathway is 90 percent.

Topic: Type I recovery requirements Suggested error code: REG Review: Section 7.3 - Type I Recovery Requirements

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.156 - Proper Evacuation of Refrigerant from Appliances; 40 CFR § 82.158 - Recovery/Recycling Equipment Standards

Question 7.3-3

Correct answer: B. 80%

With post-November 15, 1993 recovery equipment and a nonfunctioning appliance compressor, the percentage pathway is 80 percent.

A is incorrect: This choice states “60%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With post-November 15, 1993 recovery equipment and a nonfunctioning appliance compressor, the percentage pathway is 80 percent.
C is incorrect: This choice states “90%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With post-November 15, 1993 recovery equipment and a nonfunctioning appliance compressor, the percentage pathway is 80 percent.
D is incorrect: This choice states “100%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With post-November 15, 1993 recovery equipment and a nonfunctioning appliance compressor, the percentage pathway is 80 percent.

Topic: Type I recovery requirements Suggested error code: REG Review: Section 7.3 - Type I Recovery Requirements

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.156 - Proper Evacuation of Refrigerant from Appliances; 40 CFR § 82.158 - Recovery/Recycling Equipment Standards

Question 7.3-4

Correct answer: C. Manufacture date of the recovery or recycling equipment

The November 15, 1993 distinction applies to the manufacture or import date of the recovery or recycling equipment, not to the appliance or compressor.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Manufacture date of the small appliance” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The November 15, 1993 distinction applies to the manufacture or import date of the recovery or recycling equipment, not to the appliance or compressor.
B is incorrect: This choice states “Manufacture date of the compressor” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The November 15, 1993 distinction applies to the manufacture or import date of the recovery or recycling equipment, not to the appliance or compressor.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Date the refrigerant was produced” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The November 15, 1993 distinction applies to the manufacture or import date of the recovery or recycling equipment, not to the appliance or compressor.

Topic: Type I recovery requirements Suggested error code: REG Review: Section 7.3 - Type I Recovery Requirements

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.156 - Proper Evacuation of Refrigerant from Appliances; 40 CFR § 82.158 - Recovery/Recycling Equipment Standards

Question 7.3-5

Correct answer: B. Evacuate to 4 in. Hg vacuum

Current §82.156(b) allows evacuation of the small appliance to 4 inches of mercury vacuum as an alternative to the applicable percentage-recovery pathway.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Evacuate to 25 mm Hg absolute” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Current §82.156(b) allows evacuation of the small appliance to 4 inches of mercury vacuum as an alternative to the applicable percentage-recovery pathway.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Evacuate to 500 microns in every case” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Current §82.156(b) allows evacuation of the small appliance to 4 inches of mercury vacuum as an alternative to the applicable percentage-recovery pathway.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Reduce pressure only to 5 psig” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Current §82.156(b) allows evacuation of the small appliance to 4 inches of mercury vacuum as an alternative to the applicable percentage-recovery pathway.

Topic: Type I recovery requirements Suggested error code: REG Review: Section 7.3 - Type I Recovery Requirements

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.156 - Proper Evacuation of Refrigerant from Appliances; 40 CFR § 82.158 - Recovery/Recycling Equipment Standards

Question 7.3-6

Correct answer: B. 90%, because the recovery equipment was manufactured on or after November 15, 1993 and the appliance compressor functions

The recovery machine’s 2022 manufacture date places it in the post-1993 category, and the functioning appliance compressor makes the percentage pathway 90 percent.

A is incorrect: This choice states “80%, because the refrigerator was manufactured before 1993” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The recovery machine’s 2022 manufacture date places it in the post-1993 category, and the functioning appliance compressor makes the percentage pathway 90 percent.
C is incorrect: This choice states “80%, because all refrigerators use 80%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The recovery machine’s 2022 manufacture date places it in the post-1993 category, and the functioning appliance compressor makes the percentage pathway 90 percent.
D is incorrect: This choice states “No recovery is required for an appliance made before 1993” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The recovery machine’s 2022 manufacture date places it in the post-1993 category, and the functioning appliance compressor makes the percentage pathway 90 percent.

Topic: Type I recovery requirements Suggested error code: REG Review: Section 7.3 - Type I Recovery Requirements

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.156 - Proper Evacuation of Refrigerant from Appliances; 40 CFR § 82.158 - Recovery/Recycling Equipment Standards

Question 7.3-7

Correct answer: B. Equipment certification establishes equipment performance under specified testing conditions, while the field rule establishes the recovery result required before opening or disposal.

Equipment certification establishes tested equipment performance, while the field service rule establishes the recovery result that must be achieved before opening or disposal.

A is incorrect: This choice states “They are exactly the same legal concept.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Equipment certification establishes tested equipment performance, while the field service rule establishes the recovery result that must be achieved before opening or disposal.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Equipment certification applies only to technicians.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Equipment certification establishes tested equipment performance, while the field service rule establishes the recovery result that must be achieved before opening or disposal.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Field recovery requirements apply only to manufacturers.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Equipment certification establishes tested equipment performance, while the field service rule establishes the recovery result that must be achieved before opening or disposal.

Topic: Type I recovery requirements Suggested error code: REG Review: Section 7.3 - Type I Recovery Requirements

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.156 - Proper Evacuation of Refrigerant from Appliances; 40 CFR § 82.158 - Recovery/Recycling Equipment Standards

Question 7.3-8

Correct answer: C. Recovery equipment must be used according to manufacturer directions unless those directions conflict with the federal requirements.

Recovery and recycling equipment must be used according to manufacturer directions unless those directions conflict with the applicable federal requirements.

A is incorrect: This choice states “They may always override EPA requirements.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Recovery and recycling equipment must be used according to manufacturer directions unless those directions conflict with the applicable federal requirements.
B is incorrect: This choice states “They never need to be followed.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Recovery and recycling equipment must be used according to manufacturer directions unless those directions conflict with the applicable federal requirements.
D is incorrect: This choice states “They matter only for pre-1993 equipment.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Recovery and recycling equipment must be used according to manufacturer directions unless those directions conflict with the applicable federal requirements.

Topic: Type I recovery requirements Suggested error code: REG Review: Section 7.3 - Type I Recovery Requirements

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.156 - Proper Evacuation of Refrigerant from Appliances; 40 CFR § 82.158 - Recovery/Recycling Equipment Standards

Part D - Section 7.4 Concept-Check Answers

Question 7.4-1

Correct answer: B. A length of tubing that provides access to refrigerant in a small appliance or room air conditioner and can be resealed after service

A process stub is a length of tubing that provides access to refrigerant inside a small appliance or room air conditioner and can be resealed at the conclusion of service.

A is incorrect: This choice states “A permanent recovery cylinder connection” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A process stub is a length of tubing that provides access to refrigerant inside a small appliance or room air conditioner and can be resealed at the conclusion of service.
C is incorrect: This choice states “The discharge port of a recovery machine” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A process stub is a length of tubing that provides access to refrigerant inside a small appliance or room air conditioner and can be resealed at the conclusion of service.
D is incorrect: This choice states “A valve used only on low-pressure chillers” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A process stub is a length of tubing that provides access to refrigerant inside a small appliance or room air conditioner and can be resealed at the conclusion of service.

Topic: Process stubs and temporary access fittings Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.4 - Access Fittings and Process Stubs

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Process Stub Definition; 40 CFR § 82.154 - Prohibitions/Process Stub Requirement; EPA Section 608 Test Topics

Question 7.4-2

Correct answer: A. It is a clamp-on mechanical fitting that can pierce compatible tubing to create a service connection.

A piercing access valve is a clamp-on mechanical fitting designed to pierce compatible tubing and create a temporary service connection.

B is incorrect: This choice states “It is the same thing as the appliance compressor service valve.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A piercing access valve is a clamp-on mechanical fitting designed to pierce compatible tubing and create a temporary service connection.
C is incorrect: This choice states “It is a required permanent fitting on every small appliance.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A piercing access valve is a clamp-on mechanical fitting designed to pierce compatible tubing and create a temporary service connection.
D is incorrect: This choice states “It is a vacuum pump connection used only after all service is complete.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A piercing access valve is a clamp-on mechanical fitting designed to pierce compatible tubing and create a temporary service connection.

Topic: Process stubs and temporary access fittings Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.4 - Access Fittings and Process Stubs

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Process Stub Definition; 40 CFR § 82.154 - Prohibitions/Process Stub Requirement; EPA Section 608 Test Topics

Question 7.4-3

Correct answer: C. Remove them and restore the tubing according to the proper service procedure.

EPA’s current Type I test topics expect solderless access fittings to be removed at the conclusion of service, followed by proper restoration of the tubing.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Paint them to show the appliance has been serviced.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s current Type I test topics expect solderless access fittings to be removed at the conclusion of service, followed by proper restoration of the tubing.
B is incorrect: This choice states “Leave them installed permanently in all cases.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s current Type I test topics expect solderless access fittings to be removed at the conclusion of service, followed by proper restoration of the tubing.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Open them fully before disconnecting the hose.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s current Type I test topics expect solderless access fittings to be removed at the conclusion of service, followed by proper restoration of the tubing.

Topic: Process stubs and temporary access fittings Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.4 - Access Fittings and Process Stubs

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Process Stub Definition; 40 CFR § 82.154 - Prohibitions/Process Stub Requirement; EPA Section 608 Test Topics

Question 7.4-4

Correct answer: B. Because an incompatible fitting can fail to seal or damage the tubing.

A temporary fitting must match the tubing diameter, material, and condition; an incompatible fitting may leak, fail to seal, or damage the tubing.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Because all refrigerant tubing has the same wall thickness.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A temporary fitting must match the tubing diameter, material, and condition; an incompatible fitting may leak, fail to seal, or damage the tubing.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Because only steel tubing can be pierced.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A temporary fitting must match the tubing diameter, material, and condition; an incompatible fitting may leak, fail to seal, or damage the tubing.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Because process stubs are always made of aluminum.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A temporary fitting must match the tubing diameter, material, and condition; an incompatible fitting may leak, fail to seal, or damage the tubing.

Topic: Process stubs and temporary access fittings Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.4 - Access Fittings and Process Stubs

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Process Stub Definition; 40 CFR § 82.154 - Prohibitions/Process Stub Requirement; EPA Section 608 Test Topics

Question 7.4-5

Correct answer: B. Secure and seal the fitting, establish controlled access, perform service, remove the temporary fitting when appropriate, reseal, and leak check.

The controlled sequence is to secure/seal the fitting before piercing, establish access, perform service, then remove the temporary fitting when appropriate, permanently reseal the tubing, and leak check.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Pierce the tube first, then locate recovery equipment.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The controlled sequence is to secure/seal the fitting before piercing, establish access, perform service, then remove the temporary fitting when appropriate, permanently reseal the tubing, and leak check.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Cut the process stub completely open and allow pressure to fall to atmospheric.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The controlled sequence is to secure/seal the fitting before piercing, establish access, perform service, then remove the temporary fitting when appropriate, permanently reseal the tubing, and leak check.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Install the fitting on a capillary tube because it has the smallest diameter.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The controlled sequence is to secure/seal the fitting before piercing, establish access, perform service, then remove the temporary fitting when appropriate, permanently reseal the tubing, and leak check.

Topic: Process stubs and temporary access fittings Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.4 - Access Fittings and Process Stubs

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Process Stub Definition; 40 CFR § 82.154 - Prohibitions/Process Stub Requirement; EPA Section 608 Test Topics

Question 7.4-6

Correct answer: C. Fitting and repair methods must be compatible with the actual tubing material.

Repair and access methods must be compatible with the actual tubing material; a method acceptable for copper is not automatically suitable for aluminum.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Any repair method suitable for copper is automatically suitable for aluminum.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Repair and access methods must be compatible with the actual tubing material; a method acceptable for copper is not automatically suitable for aluminum.
B is incorrect: This choice states “Tube material has no effect on access-fitting selection.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Repair and access methods must be compatible with the actual tubing material; a method acceptable for copper is not automatically suitable for aluminum.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Aluminum tubing cannot be used in refrigeration appliances.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Repair and access methods must be compatible with the actual tubing material; a method acceptable for copper is not automatically suitable for aluminum.

Topic: Process stubs and temporary access fittings Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.4 - Access Fittings and Process Stubs

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Process Stub Definition; 40 CFR § 82.154 - Prohibitions/Process Stub Requirement; EPA Section 608 Test Topics

Question 7.4-7

Correct answer: B. Minimize refrigerant release when connections are made or disconnected.

Low-loss connections reduce refrigerant release during hose connection and disconnection.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Increase compressor displacement.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Low-loss connections reduce refrigerant release during hose connection and disconnection.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Raise condenser pressure.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Low-loss connections reduce refrigerant release during hose connection and disconnection.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Convert vapor refrigerant into liquid refrigerant.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Low-loss connections reduce refrigerant release during hose connection and disconnection.

Topic: Process stubs and temporary access fittings Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.4 - Access Fittings and Process Stubs

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Process Stub Definition; 40 CFR § 82.154 - Prohibitions/Process Stub Requirement; EPA Section 608 Test Topics

Question 7.4-8

Correct answer: B. Leak check the final resealed or repaired area.

After permanent resealing, the final repaired area should be leak checked to confirm the refrigerant circuit is tight.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Leave without checking because the system was already recovered.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. After permanent resealing, the final repaired area should be leak checked to confirm the refrigerant circuit is tight.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Install a second temporary piercing valve immediately.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. After permanent resealing, the final repaired area should be leak checked to confirm the refrigerant circuit is tight.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Vent a small amount of refrigerant to confirm flow.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. After permanent resealing, the final repaired area should be leak checked to confirm the refrigerant circuit is tight.

Topic: Process stubs and temporary access fittings Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.4 - Access Fittings and Process Stubs

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Process Stub Definition; 40 CFR § 82.154 - Prohibitions/Process Stub Requirement; EPA Section 608 Test Topics

Part E - Section 7.5 Concept-Check Answers

Question 7.5-1

Correct answer: B. Operate the appliance compressor.

EPA’s current Type I test topics state that an operative appliance compressor should be operated when refrigerant is recovered with system-dependent or passive recovery equipment.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Leave the compressor off.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s current Type I test topics state that an operative appliance compressor should be operated when refrigerant is recovered with system-dependent or passive recovery equipment.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Remove the compressor before recovery.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s current Type I test topics state that an operative appliance compressor should be operated when refrigerant is recovered with system-dependent or passive recovery equipment.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Replace the compressor with a vacuum pump.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s current Type I test topics state that an operative appliance compressor should be operated when refrigerant is recovered with system-dependent or passive recovery equipment.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with an operating compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.5 - Recovery with an Operating Compressor

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Recovery Equipment Definitions; EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.5-2

Correct answer: A. The compressor normally moves refrigerant from the low side toward the high side.

An operating appliance compressor moves refrigerant from the low side toward the high side, which is why conventional system-dependent recovery commonly removes refrigerant from a properly located high-side connection.

B is incorrect: This choice states “The high side always contains only air.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. An operating appliance compressor moves refrigerant from the low side toward the high side, which is why conventional system-dependent recovery commonly removes refrigerant from a properly located high-side connection.
C is incorrect: This choice states “The low side cannot contain refrigerant vapor.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. An operating appliance compressor moves refrigerant from the low side toward the high side, which is why conventional system-dependent recovery commonly removes refrigerant from a properly located high-side connection.
D is incorrect: This choice states “EPA requires two high-side fittings on every small appliance.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. An operating appliance compressor moves refrigerant from the low side toward the high side, which is why conventional system-dependent recovery commonly removes refrigerant from a properly located high-side connection.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with an operating compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.5 - Recovery with an Operating Compressor

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Recovery Equipment Definitions; EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.5-3

Correct answer: A. One properly located high-side access fitting is often sufficient because the compressor helps move refrigerant toward the high side.

With the appliance compressor operating, one properly located high-side access point is often sufficient for the conventional method because the compressor moves refrigerant toward that side.

B is incorrect: This choice states “A high-side access fitting is never used on a small appliance.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With the appliance compressor operating, one properly located high-side access point is often sufficient for the conventional method because the compressor moves refrigerant toward that side.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Two low-side fittings are always required.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With the appliance compressor operating, one properly located high-side access point is often sufficient for the conventional method because the compressor moves refrigerant toward that side.
D is incorrect: This choice states “The fitting replaces the required recovery equipment.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With the appliance compressor operating, one properly located high-side access point is often sufficient for the conventional method because the compressor moves refrigerant toward that side.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with an operating compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.5 - Recovery with an Operating Compressor

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Recovery Equipment Definitions; EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.5-4

Correct answer: C. It warms the evaporator and helps trapped liquid refrigerant vaporize.

A defrost heater can warm a cold evaporator and promote vaporization of liquid refrigerant that would otherwise remain trapped.

A is incorrect: This choice states “It compresses the refrigerant.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A defrost heater can warm a cold evaporator and promote vaporization of liquid refrigerant that would otherwise remain trapped.
B is incorrect: This choice states “It cools the recovery container.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A defrost heater can warm a cold evaporator and promote vaporization of liquid refrigerant that would otherwise remain trapped.
D is incorrect: This choice states “It converts refrigerant into nitrogen.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A defrost heater can warm a cold evaporator and promote vaporization of liquid refrigerant that would otherwise remain trapped.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with an operating compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.5 - Recovery with an Operating Compressor

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Recovery Equipment Definitions; EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.5-5

Correct answer: A. Liquid remaining in cold or isolated portions of the appliance that has not yet vaporized and moved to the recovery connection

Trapped liquid refrigerant is refrigerant remaining in cold or isolated parts of the appliance that has not yet vaporized and reached the recovery connection.

B is incorrect: This choice states “Water inside a recovery cylinder” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Trapped liquid refrigerant is refrigerant remaining in cold or isolated parts of the appliance that has not yet vaporized and reached the recovery connection.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Refrigerant that has already been reclaimed” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Trapped liquid refrigerant is refrigerant remaining in cold or isolated parts of the appliance that has not yet vaporized and reached the recovery connection.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Oil permanently removed from the compressor” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Trapped liquid refrigerant is refrigerant remaining in cold or isolated parts of the appliance that has not yet vaporized and reached the recovery connection.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with an operating compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.5 - Recovery with an Operating Compressor

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Recovery Equipment Definitions; EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.5-6

Correct answer: B. Use controlled heat or an appliance defrost heater when appropriate and consistent with manufacturer instructions.

Controlled heat or the appliance’s defrost heater may be used when appropriate and consistent with manufacturer instructions; open flame and bypassed safety controls are not acceptable recovery practices.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Use an open torch on the evaporator whenever recovery slows.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Controlled heat or the appliance’s defrost heater may be used when appropriate and consistent with manufacturer instructions; open flame and bypassed safety controls are not acceptable recovery practices.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Heat a sealed liquid-filled section as much as possible.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Controlled heat or the appliance’s defrost heater may be used when appropriate and consistent with manufacturer instructions; open flame and bypassed safety controls are not acceptable recovery practices.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Bypass all appliance safety controls to energize the heater.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Controlled heat or the appliance’s defrost heater may be used when appropriate and consistent with manufacturer instructions; open flame and bypassed safety controls are not acceptable recovery practices.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with an operating compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.5 - Recovery with an Operating Compressor

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Recovery Equipment Definitions; EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.5-7

Correct answer: A. System-dependent recovery relies on assistance from appliance components such as the operating compressor.

System-dependent recovery relies on assistance from appliance components or conditions, while self-contained recovery equipment has its own refrigerant-moving capability.

B is incorrect: This choice states “System-dependent recovery always uses a larger recovery cylinder.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. System-dependent recovery relies on assistance from appliance components or conditions, while self-contained recovery equipment has its own refrigerant-moving capability.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Self-contained recovery requires the appliance compressor to run.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. System-dependent recovery relies on assistance from appliance components or conditions, while self-contained recovery equipment has its own refrigerant-moving capability.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Self-contained recovery cannot remove refrigerant vapor.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. System-dependent recovery relies on assistance from appliance components or conditions, while self-contained recovery equipment has its own refrigerant-moving capability.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with an operating compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.5 - Recovery with an Operating Compressor

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Recovery Equipment Definitions; EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.5-8

Correct answer: B. Liquid refrigerant may remain trapped and may need to absorb heat and vaporize before it can be moved through the compressor.

A very cold evaporator and slowing flow can indicate that liquid refrigerant remains and must absorb heat and vaporize before it can move efficiently toward the recovery path.

A is incorrect: This choice states “The appliance is definitely empty.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A very cold evaporator and slowing flow can indicate that liquid refrigerant remains and must absorb heat and vaporize before it can move efficiently toward the recovery path.
C is incorrect: This choice states “The technician should vent the remaining refrigerant.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A very cold evaporator and slowing flow can indicate that liquid refrigerant remains and must absorb heat and vaporize before it can move efficiently toward the recovery path.
D is incorrect: This choice states “The compressor should be flooded with liquid to finish recovery.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A very cold evaporator and slowing flow can indicate that liquid refrigerant remains and must absorb heat and vaporize before it can move efficiently toward the recovery path.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with an operating compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.5 - Recovery with an Operating Compressor

Sources: 40 CFR § 82.152 - Recovery Equipment Definitions; EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Part F - Section 7.6 Concept-Check Answers

Question 7.6-1

Correct answer: A. The compressor can no longer provide pumping assistance to move refrigerant through the appliance.

When the appliance compressor is inoperative, it can no longer provide the pumping assistance that normally moves refrigerant through the circuit.

B is incorrect: This choice states “The condenser automatically becomes part of the low side.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. When the appliance compressor is inoperative, it can no longer provide the pumping assistance that normally moves refrigerant through the circuit.
C is incorrect: This choice states “The refrigerant immediately becomes noncondensable.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. When the appliance compressor is inoperative, it can no longer provide the pumping assistance that normally moves refrigerant through the circuit.
D is incorrect: This choice states “The appliance is no longer covered by Type I.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. When the appliance compressor is inoperative, it can no longer provide the pumping assistance that normally moves refrigerant through the circuit.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with a failed compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.6 - Recovery with a Failed Compressor

Sources: EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.6-2

Correct answer: C. Both high-side and low-side access

EPA’s Type I test-topic framework emphasizes both high-side and low-side access when system-dependent recovery is used on a small appliance with an inoperative compressor.

A is incorrect: This choice states “High-side access only” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s Type I test-topic framework emphasizes both high-side and low-side access when system-dependent recovery is used on a small appliance with an inoperative compressor.
B is incorrect: This choice states “Low-side access only” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s Type I test-topic framework emphasizes both high-side and low-side access when system-dependent recovery is used on a small appliance with an inoperative compressor.
D is incorrect: This choice states “No access fitting is needed” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s Type I test-topic framework emphasizes both high-side and low-side access when system-dependent recovery is used on a small appliance with an inoperative compressor.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with a failed compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.6 - Recovery with a Failed Compressor

Sources: EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.6-3

Correct answer: A. It allows refrigerant to reach the recovery path without depending on movement through the failed compressor and restrictive metering device.

Both-side access provides direct recovery paths without depending on refrigerant migration through the failed compressor and restrictive metering device.

B is incorrect: This choice states “It changes the appliance into a Type II appliance.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Both-side access provides direct recovery paths without depending on refrigerant migration through the failed compressor and restrictive metering device.
C is incorrect: This choice states “It increases the refrigerant charge.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Both-side access provides direct recovery paths without depending on refrigerant migration through the failed compressor and restrictive metering device.
D is incorrect: This choice states “It allows refrigerant to be intentionally vented from one side.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Both-side access provides direct recovery paths without depending on refrigerant migration through the failed compressor and restrictive metering device.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with a failed compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.6 - Recovery with a Failed Compressor

Sources: EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.6-4

Correct answer: B. To help trapped liquid or dissolved refrigerant vaporize and move toward the recovery path

Controlled heat helps trapped liquid refrigerant or refrigerant dissolved in oil vaporize and move toward the recovery path.

A is incorrect: This choice states “To permanently increase the appliance operating pressure” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Controlled heat helps trapped liquid refrigerant or refrigerant dissolved in oil vaporize and move toward the recovery path.
C is incorrect: This choice states “To melt the compressor shell” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Controlled heat helps trapped liquid refrigerant or refrigerant dissolved in oil vaporize and move toward the recovery path.
D is incorrect: This choice states “To replace the recovery device” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Controlled heat helps trapped liquid refrigerant or refrigerant dissolved in oil vaporize and move toward the recovery path.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with a failed compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.6 - Recovery with a Failed Compressor

Sources: EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.6-5

Correct answer: B. Help release refrigerant trapped in the compressor shell and oil while keeping the refrigerant contained.

EPA’s heat-and-strike concept is intended to release refrigerant retained in the compressor shell and oil while keeping refrigerant contained for recovery, not to damage or puncture the compressor.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Damage the compressor so refrigerant escapes faster.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s heat-and-strike concept is intended to release refrigerant retained in the compressor shell and oil while keeping refrigerant contained for recovery, not to damage or puncture the compressor.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Break the compressor discharge tube.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s heat-and-strike concept is intended to release refrigerant retained in the compressor shell and oil while keeping refrigerant contained for recovery, not to damage or puncture the compressor.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Create sparks to warm the shell.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s heat-and-strike concept is intended to release refrigerant retained in the compressor shell and oil while keeping refrigerant contained for recovery, not to damage or puncture the compressor.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with a failed compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.6 - Recovery with a Failed Compressor

Sources: EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.6-6

Correct answer: A. When it is equipped and safely permitted to warm the evaporator and help trapped refrigerant vaporize

A built-in defrost heater can be useful when safely permitted because it warms the evaporator and helps trapped refrigerant vaporize.

B is incorrect: This choice states “Only after the system has been opened to atmosphere” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A built-in defrost heater can be useful when safely permitted because it warms the evaporator and helps trapped refrigerant vaporize.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Only when oxygen is added to the system” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A built-in defrost heater can be useful when safely permitted because it warms the evaporator and helps trapped refrigerant vaporize.
D is incorrect: This choice states “It must be used on every Type I appliance” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. A built-in defrost heater can be useful when safely permitted because it warms the evaporator and helps trapped refrigerant vaporize.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with a failed compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.6 - Recovery with a Failed Compressor

Sources: EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.6-7

Correct answer: B. EPA Type I test topics include a special system-dependent arrangement using a vacuum pump with a nonpressurized recovery container.

EPA’s Type I topics include a special system-dependent arrangement using a vacuum pump with a nonpressurized recovery container; the vacuum pump is not permission to exhaust refrigerant to atmosphere.

A is incorrect: This choice states “A vacuum pump is always a self-contained refrigerant recovery machine.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s Type I topics include a special system-dependent arrangement using a vacuum pump with a nonpressurized recovery container; the vacuum pump is not permission to exhaust refrigerant to atmosphere.
C is incorrect: This choice states “A vacuum pump may intentionally exhaust refrigerant during normal recovery.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s Type I topics include a special system-dependent arrangement using a vacuum pump with a nonpressurized recovery container; the vacuum pump is not permission to exhaust refrigerant to atmosphere.
D is incorrect: This choice states “A vacuum pump eliminates the need for recovery equipment certification.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. EPA’s Type I topics include a special system-dependent arrangement using a vacuum pump with a nonpressurized recovery container; the vacuum pump is not permission to exhaust refrigerant to atmosphere.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with a failed compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.6 - Recovery with a Failed Compressor

Sources: EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.6-8

Correct answer: B. A nonpressurized recovery container used as part of the appropriate recovery arrangement

The specific EPA failed-compressor example pairs vacuum-pump assistance with a nonpressurized recovery container as part of the recovery arrangement.

A is incorrect: This choice states “An open bucket” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The specific EPA failed-compressor example pairs vacuum-pump assistance with a nonpressurized recovery container as part of the recovery arrangement.
C is incorrect: This choice states “An oxygen cylinder” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The specific EPA failed-compressor example pairs vacuum-pump assistance with a nonpressurized recovery container as part of the recovery arrangement.
D is incorrect: This choice states “Any sealed disposable cylinder” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The specific EPA failed-compressor example pairs vacuum-pump assistance with a nonpressurized recovery container as part of the recovery arrangement.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with a failed compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.6 - Recovery with a Failed Compressor

Sources: EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.6-9

Correct answer: C. 80%

With post-1993 recovery equipment and a nonfunctioning appliance compressor, the current percentage pathway is 80 percent.

A is incorrect: This choice states “25%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With post-1993 recovery equipment and a nonfunctioning appliance compressor, the current percentage pathway is 80 percent.
B is incorrect: This choice states “50%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With post-1993 recovery equipment and a nonfunctioning appliance compressor, the current percentage pathway is 80 percent.
D is incorrect: This choice states “90%” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With post-1993 recovery equipment and a nonfunctioning appliance compressor, the current percentage pathway is 80 percent.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with a failed compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.6 - Recovery with a Failed Compressor

Sources: EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.6-10

Correct answer: B. 4 in. Hg vacuum

The current Type I alternative endpoint is 4 inches of mercury vacuum.

A is incorrect: This choice states “0 psig only” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The current Type I alternative endpoint is 4 inches of mercury vacuum.
C is incorrect: This choice states “15 in. Hg vacuum” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The current Type I alternative endpoint is 4 inches of mercury vacuum.
D is incorrect: This choice states “25 mm Hg absolute” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. The current Type I alternative endpoint is 4 inches of mercury vacuum.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with a failed compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.6 - Recovery with a Failed Compressor

Sources: EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.6-11

Correct answer: B. It distinguishes categories of recovery equipment based on when that equipment was manufactured or imported.

November 15, 1993 separates recovery-equipment categories based on when the recovery/recycling equipment was manufactured or imported.

A is incorrect: This choice states “It is the required manufacture date of the small appliance.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. November 15, 1993 separates recovery-equipment categories based on when the recovery/recycling equipment was manufactured or imported.
C is incorrect: This choice states “It is the date every small-appliance compressor became hermetic.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. November 15, 1993 separates recovery-equipment categories based on when the recovery/recycling equipment was manufactured or imported.
D is incorrect: This choice states “It determines whether a defrost heater may be used.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. November 15, 1993 separates recovery-equipment categories based on when the recovery/recycling equipment was manufactured or imported.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with a failed compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.6 - Recovery with a Failed Compressor

Sources: EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Question 7.6-12

Correct answer: A. Refrigerant on the high side may migrate only slowly through internal restrictions and may remain difficult to recover.

With only a low-side connection and a failed compressor, refrigerant on the high side may have to migrate slowly through internal restrictions and can remain difficult to recover.

B is incorrect: This choice states “The low side automatically becomes high pressure.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With only a low-side connection and a failed compressor, refrigerant on the high side may have to migrate slowly through internal restrictions and can remain difficult to recover.
C is incorrect: This choice states “The capillary tube increases refrigerant charge during recovery.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With only a low-side connection and a failed compressor, refrigerant on the high side may have to migrate slowly through internal restrictions and can remain difficult to recover.
D is incorrect: This choice states “The appliance becomes an MVAC-like appliance.” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. With only a low-side connection and a failed compressor, refrigerant on the high side may have to migrate slowly through internal restrictions and can remain difficult to recover.

Topic: System-dependent recovery with a failed compressor Suggested error code: PRO Review: Section 7.6 - Recovery with a Failed Compressor

Sources: EPA Section 608 Test Topics - Type I; 40 CFR § 82.156

Part G - Section 7.7 Concept-Check Answers

Question 7.7-1

Correct answer: B. Equipment capable of removing refrigerant without assistance from components contained in the appliance

Self-contained recovery equipment can remove refrigerant from an appliance without assistance from components contained in the appliance.

A is incorrect: This choice states “Equipment that must use the appliance compressor to remove refrigerant” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Self-contained recovery equipment can remove refrigerant from an appliance without assistance from components contained in the appliance.
C is incorrect: This choice states “Any recovery cylinder with two valves” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Self-contained recovery equipment can remove refrigerant from an appliance without assistance from components contained in the appliance.
D is incorrect: This choice states “A vacuum pump connected directly to atmosphere” That does not satisfy the governing Type I concept tested here. Self-contained recovery equipment can remove refrigerant from an appliance without assistance from components contained in the appliance.